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27

2022

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07

Are you familiar with the failure modes and causes of electrolytic capacitors?

Electrolytic capacitors use an aluminum cylinder as the negative electrode, containing a liquid electrolyte, and inserting a bent aluminum strip as the positive electrode. It also requires DC voltage processing to form an oxide film on the anode plate that serves as the dielectric. Its characteristics include large capacitance, large leakage, poor stability, and defined polarity; it is suitable for power filters or low-frequency circuits. Electrolytic capacitors can sometimes malfunction. However, due to differences in materials, structure, manufacturing process, performance, and operating environment among various electrolytic capacitors, the failure mechanisms also vary. Below are some common failure modes of electrolytic capacitors: leakage, explosion, open circuit, breakdown, and deterioration of electrical parameters. 1. Liquid Leakage Leakage is one of the reasons for electrolytic capacitor failure. The working electrolyte of an electrolytic capacitor is acidic. If it spills, it will severely contaminate and corrode other components and the printed circuit board around the electrolytic capacitor. At the same time, inside the electrolytic capacitor, the working electrolyte gradually dries up due to liquid leakage, losing its ability to repair the anodic oxide film dielectric, leading to the breakdown of the electrolytic capacitor or deterioration of electrical parameters, resulting in failure. 2. Explosion Excessive AC component in the electrolytic capacitor's operating voltage, many defects in the oxide film dielectric, or the presence of chloride ions, sulfate radicals, etc., can cause an explosion.

19

2022

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07

What are the causes of electrolytic capacitor explosion? How to select electrolytic capacitors?

There are many reasons for electrolytic capacitor explosion, such as current exceeding the promised ripple current, applied voltage exceeding the operating voltage, reverse voltage, frequent charge and discharge, etc. However, the direct cause is still high temperature. We know that an important parameter of an electrolytic capacitor is its temperature resistance, which refers to the boiling point of the electrolyte inside the capacitor. When the internal temperature of the capacitor reaches the boiling point of the electrolyte, the electrolyte begins to boil, and the internal pressure of the electrolytic capacitor rises. When the pressure exceeds the acceptance limit of the explosion-proof door, explosion will occur. Therefore, temperature is the direct cause of capacitor explosion. The planned service life of an electrolytic capacitor is about 20,000 hours, which is greatly affected by the ambient temperature. The service life of an electrolytic capacitor decreases with increasing temperature. Experiments show that for every 10℃ increase in ambient temperature, the service life of an electrolytic capacitor is halved. The main reason is that the temperature accelerates the chemical reaction, leading to the degradation and failure of the dielectric over time, thus ending the life of the electrolytic capacitor. In order to ensure the stability of the electrolytic capacitor, before plugging in the board, the capacitor must be tested for a long time in a high-temperature environment. Even at 100℃, high-quality capacitors can work for thousands of hours. Together, the life of an electrolytic capacitor we are talking about refers to the electrolytic capacitor

Diode: An electronic component made of semiconductors

10

2022

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06

Diode: An electronic component made of semiconductors

A diode is an electronic component made from semiconductor materials. Generally, it is made from semiconductor materials and has unidirectional conductivity. When a positive voltage is applied to the anode, it conducts electricity. When a reverse voltage is applied, the diode is cut off. Therefore, the conduction and cutoff of the diode are equivalent to the on and off of a switch.

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